Externally-insulated oven



3 Sheets-S'heet l E. B. CRAWFQRD EXTERNALLY INSULATED OVEN Filed May ll, 1926 y Nov. 15, 1927.,

l Nov. l5, 1927. 1,649,575

- E. B. CRAWFORD EXTERNALLY INSULTED OVEN Filed May l1, 1.926 3 Sheets-SheetZ tu Patented Nov. 15, 1927.

UNT STA armaron is. Cnawronn, or New naar a MANUFACTURING 'res 1,549,575 PATENT cierres..

HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, AssreNonroovnN neutr- CoMPnNY, or New HAVEN, CoNNnCrrCUr.

EXTERNALLY-INSULATED OVENV Application filed 'May 11,

with a portion ot the insulating envelope broken away.

Fig. 3 is a broken view in transverse section on the line 3 4?) of F ig. 2.

Fig. L is a broken detail view in vertical section through one of the yielding vapor-tight joints in the top of the lining on the line Li-4 of Fig'. 3, with the insulation omitted.

Fig. 5 Lis a corresponding view in horizontal section of one of the vapor-tight joints in one ot the side-walls ot the lining onthe line 5*.5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a broken det-ail sectional view on an enlarged scale on the line 6-6 ot Fig. 2.

Fig. 7 is a sectional View showing another way ot oining the plates of the lining-units, `with capacity for expansion and contraction.

Fig. 8 is a broken tace view thereof.

rlhis invention relates to an improvement in oven-structures of the type used `for largescale baking operations in various industries.

Such ovens are designed for the baking of i 'food-stuffs, japanned and painted articles and foundry cores, and Jfor kindred processes. During any of the processes named above, water-vapor, fumes, or smoke are given oil in considerable amounts. These byproducts ot baking I shall, for convenience, hereafter speak oit broadly as vaporsf by which l wish to include any ot the emanations ot any ot the substances or articles subjected to the baking action ot the oven. ln any case, it is undesirable to have such vapor, fumes, or smoke escape trom the oven-chamber at any points vexcept through such controlled openings as are designed tor the purpose. The escape of vapor from the oven-chamber into the insulated wall oit the oven, for example, will considerably reduce the eciency ot the insulation and cause its disintegration. In somebaking processes and particularly in the case of most 'food-studs, it is very desirable to retain unter-vapor in the oven-chamber because its presence is beneiicial to the product. Fumes or smoke, it' allowed to escape from the ovenchainber into the insulation, will not only torni a source ot' heat loss but also many times seep through the insulation and pollute the air surrounding the oven. The converse plied in any 192e. serial No. 108,443.

oi' the conditions discussed above is likewise usually undesirable, namely, the leakage from without ot moisture, or ott finely-divided particles ot insulation into the bakingchamber.

The object of myinvention is to overcome the objections above recited, and others kindred nature, by producing avapor-tight oven-lining with provision for thelocalized expansion and contraction of its lining, obviating injury to` its insulation.

A J`further object ot this invention is `to produce an oven-structure, over and around which unbroken and, therefor, highly-elticient heat-insulation material may beepconvenient manner, said ovenstructure to provide a tight baking-chamber that will prevent the leakage through the metal lining thereof of water-vapor, fumes, or smoke out of the baking-chamber and ot moisture or dust into the baking-chamber.

A still further object ot this invention is to provide an oven-structure, having the characteristics with regard to prevention of leakage through the baking-chamber walls and with regard to taking care ot expansion and contraction as stated above, which will combine low thermal capacity with the mechanical strength necessary to 'form a suitable retaining-wall i'or the heat insulation applied to the oven-chamber, without requiring stays, spacers, or formed and folded metal penetrating through this insulation.y y

With these objects in view, my invention consists in an externally-insulated oven having a metal lining transversely divided to torni lining-units sealed together by yielding `vapor-tight joints, whereby the contraction and expansion of any one unit does not ettect its neighbor. i j

My invention further consists in an externally-insulated oven characterized as above and having certain other details otconstruction as will be hereinafter described andparticularly pointed out in the claims.

In carrying out my invention, as herein shown, erect a linear series ot inverted U- shaped trames, each consisting, as shown, ot two vertical channel-irons'l and a transverse I-beam 16, secured to their upper ends by angle-plate 17 and bolts 18, on a suitable concrete 'foundation 19 upon which the lower ends ot the channel-irons rest. I do not` however, limit inyselt'` to the use ot such channel-irons and I-beams for the trames ot ora` the oven. The said frames, however made, are regularly spaced apart upon such a foundation; their number will depend upon the desired length of the oven. These yframes support transverse lining-units, each consisting, as shown, of a top-plate and two coinplementary side-plates 2l, the said units bei ing sealed together by yielding vapor-tight joints, so that each unit is free to contract and expand without disturbing its neighbor tion.

For the purpose of sealing the several lining-units together, so as to provide yielding sion and vapor-tight joints between them, and attaching them to the said frames, I. employ for eachof such joints'two packing-strips 23 of resilient packing material, respectively placed upon the outer surface of the edge of each top-plate 20, ,as'shown in Fig. 4. Each pair ofthese transversely-arranged parallel strips` 23 ofpackinginaterial has imposed uponit a battenstrip`24 perforated for the reception of a series of bolts 25 which pass between the edges ofthe said plates and j through a seriesof corresponding perforations` in the I-beains V16,` wherebythe adjacent edges of the top-plates 2l are clamped between the I-beains 16 and the packingstrips` 23, and yielding vapor-tight joints formed between the adjacent edges of the top-plates, the slippage of the plates in the jointsisoforined providing for the expan- `contraction of the individual plates: e f

Similarly and for thesame purpose, the edges of the side-plates 20 are spaced apart and have bearing upon the" outerfaces of thechannel-ironsl` of the frames. Upon the outer faces of their edges I arrange parallel strips of resilient packing material 26,` upon each air of which I impose a batten-strip 27, wiiich is furnished with a series of perforations for'the passage of a series of clamping-bolts 28 passing between the edges of the said side-platesand also passing through a corresponding series of holes in they channel-irons l5, whereby yielding vapor-tight joints are formed between the side-plates without interfering with their slippage in such joints for contraction vand expansion. j y i The several transverse lining-units are thus sealed together by yielding vapor-tight joints and supported by the said trames which, as shown, though not necessarily, enter into the construction or' the yielding vapor-tight joints by 'which the several transverse lining-units are sealed together.

It `will thus be seen that though supported by the said iframes, the several transverse lining-units are permitted to individutop-plates I place longitudinally-arranged resilient packing-strips 30. The upper ends of the side-battens 27 aforesaid are provided with corresponding flanges 3l perforated for the passage ol:l bolts 32 which alsoextend through the adjacent end of the 4top-hatten 24 and between the packing-strips 30. The

upper ends ofthe vertical packing-stripsl arebent outwardly, as at 33, so as to fluter vene between the flanges29 of the side-plates 2O and the flanges 31 of the battons 27.

It will be understood that the packing-` strips "30 extend throughout the length of theoven at the upper corners thereof,n between the undertaces of the ends of the topplates of the several lining-units and the outwardly-turned flanges 29 of the sideplates thereof, as shownin Fig. 2, but the top-hatten 24 and the side-battens 27 arelocalized over the seams between the adjacent edges of the side-plates and `top-plates, as shown in Fig. 2.

`While there is comparatively little tendency for the vapors generated Within the ovento escape at the bottom of the side-walls thereof, this 'is substantially prevented by locating the oven-floor 3a above the lower ends of the side-plates 21 of the lining-units, as shown in Fig. 3.

After the several metal parts of the ovenstructure have been assembled as above de scribed and a relatively-long inverted U-` `shapedover-lining with yielding vapor-tight joints hasbeen produced, the lining as a whole is then enclosed, top and sides, in an envelope 22 of insulating material oi any desired character and thickness.

My present invention is not concerned with the loading and `delivery openings of the oven-structure, which may be oi" any standard type.`

Under my invention, as thus described, the metal lining of the oven is composed of a series of transverse lining-units yieldingly sealed together, each unit being 'free to expand and contract without affecting its neighbor, so that the longitudinal expansion and contraction oi the niet-al lining o the oven is subdivided and localized, with the result that the insulating envelope is not racked nor the `metal oven-lining distorieill, as occurs when the oven-lining contracts and expands as one piece. I may here state that the metal lining of such an oven is usually so narrow and so low, compared `with its lengtlnthat it has not been found essential to provide for the factors of lateral and l lill li U with its elastic vapor-tight joints, distributed at intervals throughout its length, I am able to overcome the objections recited at the out-` set of this description and produce an oven of high thermal eiiiciency, providing exceptionally sanitary and agreeable working conditions for the stati' operating it, securing economy in maintenance and use and also durability. My improved oven-structure is peculiarly adapted for 'baking bread, since the beneficial vapors thrown ott thereby retained for their effect upon the loaves. In case the oven is used for baking japanned or painted articles, it is desirable that their surfaces shall not be fouled by the accumulation upon them of the fine dust resulting from the disintegration of the insulating material. All this is perfectly guarded against by my invention. K

In the modified construction shown by Figs. 7 and 8, the lining-unit plates 35, which may be either topor side-plates, have their edges lapped and separated by two strips 36 of resilient packing material pinched between the overlapping edges of the platesby means of clamping-bolts 37 passing through enlarged holes in the plates, so as to permit relative movement thereof under contraction or expansion, while at the same time securing between them a vaportight joint.

claim:

l. An externally-insulated oven having an insulation-protecting metal lining transversely divided to form lining-units, a linear series of frames spaced apart to support the adjacent edges of the said lining-units, and `fielding vaportight joints sealing the lining-units together and comprising resilient packing and hatten-strips and also comprising means for clamping the edges of they units and resilient packing between the said frames and battens, whereby the contraction and expansion of any one unit does not ai'ect its neighbor.

2. An externally-insulated oven having an insulation-protecting metal lining transversely divided to form lining-units, each of which consists of a top-plate and two co1nplementary side-plates, the upper ends of which latter are bent outwardly to form assembling-flanges, a resilient packing interposed between the said flanges of the sideplates and the ends of the complementary top-plates, and` yielding vapor-tight joints sealing the several units together', whereby are the contraction `and expansion of any one unit does `not affect its neighbor.

3. An externally-insulated oven having an insulatiori-protecting metal lining transversel -divided to form lininU-units ielding vapor-tight joints' for sealing the said lining-units together in series, and a continuous body of heat-insulating material plied directly over theouter surfaces of the saidliningunits and the said yielding vapor-tight joints, whereby the contraction and expansion of anyone lining-unit does not aff-ect its neightbor, and whereby the contraction and expansion of the lining units take place independently of the said body of heat-insulating material.

4. `An externally-insulated oven having an insulationprotecting metal lining trans-` versely-divided to form lining-units, yielding vapor-tight joints for sealing the said lining-units together in series, a continuous body of heat-insulating material applied directly over the outer surfaces of the said lining-units and the said yielding vapor tight joints, and a linear series of frames located within the said lining and spaced apart to support the said units, whereby the contraction and expansion of any one lining-unit does not affect its neighbor, and whereby the contraction and expansion of the lining-units take place entirely independently of the said bodyV of heat-insulating material.

5. An externally-insulated oven having an insulation-protecting met-al lining transversely-divided to form lining-units, yielding vapor-tight joints for sealing the said lining-units together in series, a continuous body of heat-insulating material applied `directly over the outer surfaces of the said lining-units and the said yielding vapors tight joints, and a linear series of frames located within the said lining and spaced apart to support the adjacent edges of the said lining-units, whereby the contraction and expansion of any one lining-unit does not affect its neighbor, and whereby the contraction and expansion of the lining-units take place independently of the said body of heat-insulating material.

6. An external-lyinsulated oven having an insulation-protecting metal lining, transversely-divided to form lining-units, yielding vapor-tight joints for sealing the said lining units together in series, a continuous body of heat-insulating material applied directly over the outer surfaces of the-said liningunits and the said yielding vapor tightjoints, and a. linear series of frames located within .the said lining and spaced apart to support the adjacent edges ofthe said lining-units, which are clamped to the said frames at the said yielding vapor-tight joints, whereby the contraction and expansion of any one lining-unit does not affect.

`its neighbor, and whereby `the contraction und expansion of the lining-units take place entirely independently of the seid body of heat-insulating material. i l y 7. Anexternully-insulated oven having an insulation@roteeting metal llnlng transs- `Vereely-divided to form liningainits, each ol" which consists of a top-plate and `complementary suie-plates, a, lineal' series of frames spaced apart to support the adjacent edges oli' the said lining-xinits7 und yieldingf va orti ht 'oints seaiiiw the ad'acent edges P Q, J e l of the Said lning-iinits together and comprising resilient peeking and l'mtten-stiiljls und also comprising means for.' clamping the edges ofthe lining-units and resilient packing between the said frames end battenlstrips, wliel'elny the contraction und exps1nsion of any one lining-unit does not affect its neighbor.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification.

EMERICK `BQ CMWFORD.` 

